An Overview of the Applications of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Shells

The waste generated by the periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) shell cannot be undermined. In coastal communities worldwide, periwinkle is a major source of proteins and other vital minerals in most delicacies. The shells of these aquatic species, notable for their nutrient provision, contribute to environmental degradation because of the indiscriminate disposal. The absence of a proper waste management program leads to the blockage of drainages, resulting in flooding. This study reviews the various avenues by which the Tympanotonus fuscatus shell can be processed and utilized. The review was conducted to synthesize the current body of knowledge in the research area to help present a proper perspective to periwinkle shell utilization. The study showed that periwinkle shell could effectively be utilized directly as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates and cement in concrete, and in the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater. The shell was also a suitable replacement for asbestos in brakepad production. Perspectives for future research in periwinkle shell utilization as raw materials for the production of synthetic stones and ceramic mugs, calcium supplements, fluid loss control additive for drilling mud, adsorbents for poisonous and odorous gas capture were identified. Other areas of future research include the use of periwinkle shells as gravel pack and fluid proppants alternatives in oil and gas wells and as replacements for molecular sieves in natural gas conditioning and biogas upgrading.