Genetic Interaction Studies in Soybean Plants Prepared Using Sodium Azide and its Effect on Several Traits in the M2 Generation

The research was done in the coastal region (of Syria) at Tishreen University during the agricultural seasons 2022-2023. The research included exposing the seeds of three genotypes of soybeans (sb44, sb239, and sb337) which were obtained from the General Authority for Agricultural research for mutagenesis using the chemical mutagen Sodium Azide (NaN3) in concentrations (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, and 4 mM) with soaking it for different periods of time (4, 8, and 12 hours) within each concentration. In the purpose of studying the effect of Sodium azide concentrations and the periods of soaking on some morphologies, productive and quality traits of the three genotypes, in addition to determining the best concentration of sodium azide, soaking period and genotype of soybeans that has good productivity and quality. The results obtained indicated the presence of new mutations affected many morphological traits and production components, and the chemical mutagen is effective in causing mutations in soybeans with a different response from the genotype to the different concentrations and periods of soaking, as there was for the concentration C1 (1 mM) the biggest positive effect and stimulating on the most of the studied traits and dependent on it many plants were nominated and a significant decrease in most of the traits of the second generation (M2) plants with increasing the soaking period. Also a gradual decrease in the most of studied traits with the increasing concentrations of the mutagen and the increase of the soaking periods within each concentration. Additionally, there were the best interactions values at concentration C1 (1mM) and time T1 (4 hours of soaking).