Spin Waves in Ferromagnetic Nanorings with Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interactions: II. Directional Effects

A theory is presented to study the effect of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (DMIs) on the static and dynamic magnetic properties in single-layered ferromagnetic nanorings. A microscopic (Hamiltonian-based) approach is used that also includes the antisymmetric DMI besides the competing symmetric (bilinear) exchange interactions, magnetic dipole–dipole interactions, and an applied magnetic field. Here, the axial vector of the DMI is taken to be in the plane of the nanoring (by contrast with earlier studies) and we explore cases where it is either parallel or perpendicular to the in-plane magnetic field. Significantly, with this orientation for the DMI axial vector, the inhomogeneous static magnetization is tilted to have a component perpendicular to the plane giving a surface texture. This effect is studied in both the low-field vortex and high-field onion states. There is a consequent modification to the discrete set of spin-wave modes in both states through their frequencies and spatial amplitudes. We present combined analytical and numerical results for the static properties and dynamical magnetization in ferromagnetic nanorings, including the variation with applied field.