The Phenomenon of Tides in Byzantine Science

In this work, we explore Byzantine scholars’ views and ideas on tides by revealing the fusion of their scientific, philosophical, and religious thought. In an attempt to bridge the Aristotelian and the Christian cosmology they attributed tides to lunar phases, terrestrial features, or metaphysical forces, weaving intricate interpretations. Our research revealed that lunar phases were linked to tidal rhythms by Eustathius of Antioch and Basil of Caesarea, in 4th c. detailing lunar influence on atmospheric and oceanic patterns. Nikephoros Blemmydes, in the 13th century, emphasized geomorphic explanations, while Nikon the “Metanoite”, in the 10th century, attributed mystical symbolism to tides. References in Byzantine literature underscored the metaphorical relevance of tides. Ultimately, the study elucidates how Byzantine scholars grappled with integrating diverse worldviews to comprehend the enigmatic tidal phenomenon within their holistic understanding of nature and divinity.