INFLUENCE OF NIOBIUM, CERIUM AND IRON IMPURITIES ON PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE FILMS

This article investigates the effect of some few metallic impurities that can be referred to as dopants introduced into TiO2 thin films as a host composite material. It also gives a guide on how to choice these impurities and how their influence on TiO2 thin films can be determined by measuring their n-type and p-type conductivities and their insulating characteristics or properties. It discusses three rare earth metals of niobium, cerium, and iron. It further explains how they give rise to donor and acceptor characteristics, oxygen vacancy concentrations and influence structural changes in titanium dioxide thin films. The thin films exhibit varying conductivity, structure, electronic transport, morphology and stability.