Elevation of Glutathione-S-transferase and Inhibition of Cholinesterase Activity as a Biomarkers of Fungicide Toxicity in Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis: Experimental Investigation

Pesticides have become a major environmental concern due to their persistence in the environment and potential effects. Aquatic populations are disappearing all over the world as a result of the effects of these products. Water, in particular, is a major transporter of all contaminants. The toxicity of a systemic fungicide, ARTEA 330EC, which is newly used in Algeria against grain pests, is evaluated in this study using two biochemical parameters, glutathione-S-transferase and cholinesterase. ARTEA 330EC concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100ppm) are applied to Gambusia affinis specimens. The results show that the average weight and size of exposed specimens have decreased significantly. Simultaneously, biochemical parameter monitoring revealed a significant stimulating protein (Synthesis) associated with GST activity stimulation parallel to a decrease in the average rate of GSH. Acetylcholinesterase activity measurements reveal a significant stimulation of the three fungicide concentrations (25, 50 and 75ppm). Finally, our findings suggest that the increase in GST observed in association with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity can be regarded as biomarkers of toxicity ARTEA 330EC Fungicide in Gambusia affinis