Enhancing Fire Emergency Response Readiness in Butiama District Secondary Schools in Tanzania: An in-depth Investigation

Fire hazards in secondary schools are a global concern, impacting countries worldwide with varying rates and consequences. Tanzania, in particular, has grappled with recurring fire disasters, with schools bearing a significant brunt of these incidents. While government policies and circulars have mandated safety measures like smoke detectors, emergency exits, and the prohibition of candles and crude oil lamps in schools, compliance remains a persistent issue. This study is firmly grounded in three influential theories: Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the protection motivation theory, and modern disaster theory. Our study used a descriptive research design based on a mixed research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Data collection involved questionnaires, interviews, and observations. One of the significant findings is the glaring lack of awareness among both teachers and students regarding fire emergency preparedness and the lack of training in fire safety preparedness. The study also delves into the root causes of fire emergencies, which include poor electrical appliance installation, ignorance about fire materials, negligence, and deliberate sabotage. These findings highlight the vulnerabilities that schools face and emphasize the critical importance of preparedness measures. Financial constraints and a lack of fire safety resources emerge as formidable challenges. To bolster fire emergency response readiness, the study proposes a range of strategies. These include the development of comprehensive fire emergency plans, increased investment in fire safety education, procurement of essential fire safety equipment, the establishment of school dispensaries, budget allocation for preparedness efforts, and the promotion of regular fire drills.