Sex-Specific Cognitive Deficits Following Space Radiation Exposure

Parihar, Vipan K. and Angulo, Maria C. and Allen, Barrett D. and Syage, Amber and Usmani, Manal T. and Passerat de la Chapelle, Estrella and Amin, Amal Nayan and Flores, Lidia and Lin, Xiaomeng and Giedzinski, Erich and Limoli, Charles L. (2020) Sex-Specific Cognitive Deficits Following Space Radiation Exposure. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14. ISSN 1662-5153

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Abstract

The radiation fields in space define tangible risks to the health of astronauts, and significant work in rodent models has clearly shown a variety of exposure paradigms to compromise central nervous system (CNS) functionality. Despite our current knowledge, sex differences regarding the risks of space radiation exposure on cognitive function remain poorly understood, which is potentially problematic given that 30% of astronauts are women. While work from us and others have demonstrated pronounced cognitive decrements in male mice exposed to charged particle irradiation, here we show that female mice exhibit significant resistance to adverse neurocognitive effects of space radiation. The present findings indicate that male mice exposed to low doses (≤30 cGy) of energetic (400 MeV/n) helium ions (4He) show significantly higher levels of neuroinflammation and more extensive cognitive deficits than females. Twelve weeks following 4He ion exposure, irradiated male mice demonstrated significant deficits in object and place recognition memory accompanied by activation of microglia, marked upregulation of hippocampal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and increased expression of the pro-inflammatory marker high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). Additionally, we determined that exposure to 4He ions caused a significant decline in the number of dendritic branch points and total dendritic length along with the hippocampus neurons in female mice. Interestingly, only male mice showed a significant decline of dendritic spine density following irradiation. These data indicate that fundamental differences in inflammatory cascades between male and female mice may drive divergent CNS radiation responses that differentially impact the structural plasticity of neurons and neurocognitive outcomes following cosmic radiation exposure.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: Oalibrary Press > Biological Science
Depositing User: Managing Editor
Date Deposited: 09 Jan 2023 06:07
Last Modified: 03 Oct 2024 04:41
URI: http://asian.go4publish.com/id/eprint/1484

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