Evaluation of Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Garcinia gummi-gutta Linn by HFD with Low Dose STZ Induced Type II Diabetes Mellitus on Rats

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of methanolic leaf extract of Garcinia gummi-gutta Linn. by HFD with low dose STZ induced T2DM on rats.

Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into five groups of six animals, and HFD was induced for 8 weeks. After 4th week of HFD treatment, type-II diabetes was induced by a single dose of 35mg/kg (i.p) STZ, hyperglycemia was confirmed by the elevated levels of blood glucose determined at 72h and the animals with blood glucose concentration (< 250mg/dl) were used for the study. The In vitro anti-diabetic activity was done by the DNS method.

Results: The In vitro anti-diabetic activity by α-amylase inhibition activity by DNS method was very mild as compared to Acarbose and the IC50 value of Acarbose was very low (170.84µg/ml) than MEGG (1989.59µg/ml). However, potent In vivo anti-diabetic activity (P<0.001) was observed after induction HFD with low dose STZ induced T2DM rats at the end of the 8th week, blood sugar level for MEGG high dose (173.40 ± 14.9mg/dl) was found to be almost same as that of standard drug Glibenclamide (164.60 ± 3.21mg/dl) as compared to control (287.90 ± 1.52). The lipid profile of the study showed a marked increase in TC, LDL, TG, and reduction in HDL in HFD with low dose STZ diabetic rats, whereas in MEGG and standard drugs treated by Glibenclamide were found to be substantially decreased and a fair amount of improvement in HDL level (P<0.001). Histologically, focal necrosis was observed in the diabetic rat pancreas whereas on standard and test mild and no evidence of necrosis were observed respectively, similar positive results were found in liver and adipocyte histology for standard and test groups against the HFD with STZ-induced group

Conclusion: Therefore MEGG possesses potent In vivo anti-diabetic effect as well as hypolipidemic effect and therefore MEGG might be a potent phytochemical alternative to prevent and treat T2DM and atherosclerosis and also to reduce its associated complications.