Properties of Particle Production and System Evolution in BES-Wide Energy Range

The beam energy scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in Brookhaven and Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN performs nucleus-nucleus collisions in the energy range of 3-39 GeV/nucleon leading to high baryon density and temperature around the expected critical point of deconfinement phase transition. In addition, the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in GSI also performs nucleus-nucleus collisions in the BES energy region. The features of particle production and system evolution in these types of collisions attract high interest and are extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. It is believed that above the critical energy of deconfinement phase transition, e.g., at RHIC and Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the properties of particle production and system evolution may differ from those at the BES (RHIC-BES, SPS-BES, and FAIR). These properties are related to those of early universe considered to go through the stages of high baryon density and temperature.