Strategy for Improving the Management of Feed and Drinking Water for Smallholders Livestock Based on Sustainability Status in Lombok Island, Indonesia

The availability of feed is one of the most important factors in developing beef cattle farming. Until now, beef cattle breeding in Indonesia is still dominated by smallholder farms. Almost all of the cattle breeding are smallholder livestock businesses with relatively low levels of production and productivity. Beef cattle farming on the island of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, is carried out using a group of collective cages, making it easier to manage and develop them. This study aims to develop a strategy to improve the management of feed, drinking water, and the socio-economic culture of beef cattle farming based on collective cages based on their status of sustainability in Lombok Island, Indonesia. The method used to determine the sustainability status is Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) with the Rapid Appraisal Beef Cattle Smallholder (RAPBCS) approach. The sensitive attributes that affect the sustainability index and the effect of errors are determined based on the Leverage analysis and Monte Carlo test. The results of the sustainability analysis show that the dimensions of animal feed management are 62.99%; dimensions of livestock drinking water management 63.12%; and social, economic, and cultural dimensions 55.45%. The results of the analysis of the 39 attributes studied contained 13 sensitive attributes that needed to be improved because they would affect increasing the value of the sustainability index. Multidimensional analysis of the continuity of improved management of feed, drinking water, and socio-economic and cultural practices for beef cattle based on collective cages on the island of Lombok, obtained a combined value of 60.86 in the category of moderately sustainable. Determination of the key sustainability factors obtained by prospective analysis to determine the strategy for improving feed and drinking water management in beef cattle farming based on collective cages in the future. The node is the status of the sustainability of feed management improvement, increasing farmer productivity, efficiency, and income; (2) strategy increasing the role of the government, business world, and other stakeholders and (3) strategies to strengthen farmer institutions, farmer economic institutions, extension institutions and the role of community leaders.